Which of the following is a common programming language?

C++ is a common programming language known for its versatility and performance in system/software development, game programming, and real-time simulations. It supports both procedural and object-oriented programming paradigms, making it a powerful tool for developers who need to create complex software applications.

In contrast, while HTML, SQL, and CSS are essential technologies within the realm of web development, they serve different purposes. HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is responsible for structuring content on the web, SQL (Structured Query Language) is used for managing and manipulating databases, and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is utilized for styling the visual presentation of web pages. These technologies are not programming languages in the traditional sense, as they do not contain the logic and control structures typically associated with programming languages like C++.