Which of the following best describes a stack overflow?

A stack overflow occurs when a program uses more stack memory than is allocated for it. The stack is a special region of memory that stores local variables and function call information. When a function is called, a block of memory is allocated on the stack for that function's execution. If a program has deep recursive calls or too many local variables, it can exceed the stack's capacity, leading to a stack overflow error. This typically results in the program crashing or exhibiting unexpected behavior, as the memory intended for the stack starts to overwrite other critical data in memory. Understanding stack overflow is essential for developers to write efficient, error-free code, especially in applications that utilize recursion or large data structures in local variables.