Which of the following best describes 'front-end' technologies?

Front-end technologies refer to the tools and languages used to create and design the user interface of a website or application. This encompasses everything that users interact with directly in their browser or application, such as layouts, buttons, forms, and navigation menus. Commonly used front-end technologies include HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, which are essential for structuring content, styling, and adding interactivity to web pages.

These technologies focus on the visual aspects and user experience, prioritizing how users interact with the interface. This is why the choice highlighting languages and tools for building user interfaces accurately captures the essence of what front-end development entails.

In contrast, other options like database and server management tools, back-end software applications, and networking hardware relate more closely to the server-side and infrastructure aspects of technology, which do not define the front-end.