What does the concept of 'encapsulation' in OOP refer to?

Encapsulation in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) refers to the bundling of data and the methods that operate on that data within a single unit, known as a class. This concept allows for the organization of code, making it easier to manage and maintain. By grouping related attributes (data) and behaviors (methods) together, encapsulation establishes a clear structure within a program.

Moreover, encapsulation also supports data hiding, meaning that details of the internal implementation of a class can be hidden from the outside world. This allows for the safeguarding of certain data and ensures that it can only be accessed or modified through a defined interface, typically through public methods provided by the class. This reduces the likelihood of unintended interactions and increases code robustness.

While options that mention separation of data and functions or reuse of code through inheritance address important aspects of OOP, they don't specifically capture the essence of encapsulation as precisely. The concept primarily emphasizes structuring related data and methods into coherent units, enhancing both organization and security in code management.