What does 'exception handling' involve in programming?

Exception handling is a programming construct designed to manage unexpected errors that occur during the execution of a program. It provides a structured way to respond to runtime anomalies, thereby allowing the program to handle these situations gracefully instead of crashing or producing incorrect results.

When an exception is raised, the program can execute specific blocks of code to address the error, which might include logging the error, providing feedback to the user, or attempting recovery procedures. This approach enhances the robustness and reliability of the software by ensuring that it can deal with unforeseen circumstances without failing outright.

The other choices relate to different aspects of programming and software development. Modifying code after testing pertains to the debugging process, performance optimization involves refining code to speed up execution or reduce resource usage, and tracking code revisions deals with version control practices. None of these options directly relate to the central concept of managing runtime errors, which is the essence of exception handling.