What does a boolean variable represent?

A boolean variable specifically represents a data type that can hold one of two distinct values: true or false. This type of variable is fundamental in programming and computer science because it allows for the representation of binary states, which is essential for decision-making processes such as condition checks and control flow in algorithms.

Boolean variables play a crucial role in logical operations and are used in conditional statements, such as if-statements, where the program can execute different paths in code based on boolean expressions. For instance, if a boolean variable is true, a block of code may run, but if it is false, that block will be skipped. This binary nature of boolean variables underpins the logic of many algorithms, enabling more complex decision-making and problem-solving capabilities in software development.

The other options do not accurately characterize a boolean variable: it does not hold a range of values or numerical calculations, nor is it defined by immutability, which refers to a variable's ability to be changed after its creation.