What defines an object in object-oriented programming?

In object-oriented programming, an object is defined as an instance of a class that encapsulates both data and the behaviors (or methods) that operate on that data. This encapsulation allows for a clear separation between the implementation of the behaviors and the data they manipulate, which promotes modular and maintainable code.

When we create an object from a class, we are not merely instantiating a bundle of data; we are also creating a structure that combines this data with the methods that can act on it. This means that the object inherits the attributes defined by the class and can use the methods, thus resulting in cohesive functionality. This encapsulation is a foundational principle in object-oriented programming, allowing objects to manage their own state while providing defined interfaces for interacting with that state.

The notion that an object encapsulates data and behavior is essential for understanding how classes and objects relate in this programming paradigm. It allows for better organization of code, easier debugging, and the ability to create complex systems using simpler, reusable components.